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Scaffold Chart Sins site with Astro + build-time Vega-Lite
Set up the static-site tech stack: Astro 5 with Markdown content collections, Vega-Lite specs rendered to static SVG at build time (zero client JS), plain scoped CSS, and a GitHub Pages deploy workflow. Includes three sample sins (truncated y-axis, dual-axis deception, pie chart overload), each with a bad and fixed chart spec, plus a gallery index and per-sin detail pages. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01XPEvmMbac2fCvKXpQcovj8
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title: "The Truncated Y-Axis"
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summary: "Chopping the baseline off a bar chart to make small differences look enormous."
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category: "Misleading Scales"
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severity: 4
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tags: ["bar chart", "axis", "exaggeration"]
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badChart: "truncated-axis-bad"
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fixedChart: "truncated-axis-fixed"
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date: 2026-08-05
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---
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## The sin
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Bar charts encode value with **length**. When you start the y-axis somewhere
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above zero, the bars no longer represent their true magnitudes — a jump from 92
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to 98 (a ~6% change) can be drawn to look like a chart-topping surge. The reader
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compares bar heights and walks away with a wildly inflated sense of the trend.
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## Why it deceives
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The eye reads the ratio of bar lengths, not the axis labels. Truncating the
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baseline breaks the contract between "twice as tall" and "twice as much." It is
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the single most common way an honest-looking bar chart tells a lie.
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## The repentance
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Start bar charts at zero. Always. If the interesting variation is genuinely
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small and a zero baseline flattens it, that is a signal to switch encodings —
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use a **line chart** or a **dot plot**, where position (not length) carries the
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meaning and a non-zero range is legitimate.
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